Hydraulic Fracturing: The Process - Ground Water Protection Council
2010年7月20日 · How is Hydraulic Fracturing Done?* The placement of hydraulic fracturing treatments underground is sequenced to meet the particular needs of the formation. The sequence noted below from a Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania is just one example. Each oil and gas zone is different and requires a hydraulic fracturing design tailored to the particular ...
Hydraulic Fracturing - Ground Water Protection Council
Hydraulic fracturing is used after the drilled hole is completed. Put simply, hydraulic fracturing is the use of fluid and material to create or restore small fractures in a formation in order to stimulate production from new and existing oil and gas wells.
Hydraulic Fracturing Water Usage - Ground Water Protection …
In addition, new treatment technologies have made it possible to recycle the water recovered from hydraulic fracturing. The reuse of treated flowback fluids from hydraulic fracturing is being conducted by some operators in the Marcellus Shale region and at least one operator (Devon Energy) in the Barnett Shale in Texas.
Hydraulic Fracturing & Induced Seismicity - Ground Water …
Reports of hydraulic fracturing causing felt earthquakes are extremely rare. However, wastewater produced by wells that were hydraulic fractured can cause “induced” earthquakes when it is injected into deep wastewater wells. Wastewater disposal wells operate for longer durations and inject much more fluid than the hydraulic fracturing ...
Hydraulic Fracturing & Groundwater Protection
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING & GROUNDWATER PROTECTION. Nearly half of the U.S. population relies on groundwater as their primary source of drinking water. In rural areas, this figure approaches 95%. It is easy to see from these figures that groundwater is an important source of water that should be protected. But what exactly is groundwater?
FracFocus - Ground Water Protection Council
FracFocus is the national hydraulic fracturing chemical registry. It is managed by the Ground Water Protection Council and the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission – two organizations whose members are state government officials. Both organizations’ missions are focused on conservation and environmental protection.
Site Set Up - Ground Water Protection Council
The photo above shows the typical layout of a site that has been prepared for hydraulic fracturing. The surface facilities and layout typically involve a number of pieces of mobile equipment including fracture fluid storage tanks, sand storage units, chemical trucks, blending equipment and pumping equipment.
How Casing Protects Groundwater - Ground Water Protection …
Why are casing and cementing important in the hydraulic fracturing process? Casing strings are an important element of well completion with respect to the protection of groundwater resources because they provide for the isolation of fresh water zones and …
from the hydraulic fracturing water cycle on drinking water (U.S. EPA, 2016), U.S. EPA released draft reports on the study, which included approximately 130 chemicals in flowback or produced water identified in literature reviews (U.S. EPA, 2015). These data were used by some research groups to assess the potential hazard of produced water by
Fluid Flow in the Subsurface (Darcy’s Law)
When calculating the possibility of fluid flow from a hydraulically fractured zone to a fresh water zone the application of Darcy’s law is critical because it sets out the specific conditions under which fluid could flow from one zone to another and will ultimately determine whether or not hydraulic fracturing fluids can reach a fresh water zone.