Instead, he insists that this was a matter of ‘balkanization from above’: a Western-sponsored programme of population transfers and ‘humanitarian interventions’ which deepened regional enmities by ...

This theory explains ethnic attachments as emotionally potent and resistant to change, influencing nationalist movements that emphasize historical continuity. Examples include nationalist rhetoric ...

While it seems like the present-day map has remained ... 1912 after the First Balkan War. In the 1980s, heightened Albanian nationalism led Serbia to revoke the autonomous status of Kosovo, which led ...